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Influence of biofertilization on asparagus seedlings production

HORTICULTURE | Castagnino, A.M. - Díaz, K.E. - Rosini, M.B. - García Franco, A. - Bastien, E. - Alberti, R. - Marín Castro, M.A.ex aequo

Tags: Asparagus officinalis, nursery, plantations, biomass, quality, mycorrhizae

PDF 1.1 MB (279 downloads)

Asparagus is a perennial vegetable, with an extensive productive stage and a progressive yield according to the age of the plantations; being the initial nursery stage determinant for the success of the crop and dependent on the starting system, management and quality of the seedlings. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of biofertilization (BF) on the growth of green asparagus seedlings (PEV) improving quality and implantation. An organic production trial was conducted (28/12/2021), in Tandil (Buenos Aires), using UC-157 genotype F2 and in pots. There were four treatments, a control without fertilization (T1), a fertilization treatment with arbuscular endomycorrhizae (T2-BRE), a fertilization treatment composed of micronutrients and plant hormones (T3-BFMH) and a combined fertilization treatment (T4-BRE+ BFMH). A heated greenhouse was used at the Faculty of Agronomy (UNCPBA) and a randomized block design with 3 replications, with weekly monitoring until the final size. Height (H) and number of stems (NT) were evaluated from 3/21/2022 to 5/31/2022. In the laboratory, fresh and dry weights of roots and stems (PFR-PFT-PSR-PST) were determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD test (P≥0.05). The PFT and PFR in T4 were superior, finding no statistically significant differences in the biomass of stems and in PFR, surpassing T1, with T2 standing out with respect to T3 and T4. In summary, PEV BF increases biomass, mainly root biomass, constituting a valuable technique to achieve better plantations.

PDF 284.8 KB (164 downloads)

With the start-up of INTA projects in 2006, an inter-institutional work modality began, which sought the development of the Argentine aromatic sector. From the beginning, the most appropriate media of diffusion and exchange were evaluated to achieve this goal. The objective of this work is to analyze the development of the electronic media of diffusion and exchange of the INTA national aromatic and medicinal project. In 2007, Aromas Pampeanos (https://shortest.link/AzJ) electronic newsletter was created, divided into seven sections (editorial, agenda, news, technological information, exchange, mini dossiers, curiosities). In 2018, @INTAaromaticas page began, both as a tool for dissemination and exchange with the sector, where producers, collectors / marketers, researchers, professionals from the private sector, potential investors, teachers, students and those interested in the subject were included. Today there are sixty-four published numbers and one thousand five hundred subscribers to Aromas Pampeanos newsletter, which is currently the oldest and most continuous publication in the sector in Argentina, and with more than twenty thousand followers to the aromatics page, a very important number for pages of these characteristics, achieved in little more than two years of publication. For this reason, it is considered that the electronic dissemination tools used in INTA's national aromatic and medicinal project have had continuity and growth in the number of subscribers, constituting an appropriate tool for the objectives set.

Vegetable flour as a strategy for use and valorization - asparagus. Part II

Particularities of the II range agribusiness of asparagus: flavoring flours and powders, preliminary studies - Review

ADVANCES IN HORTICULTURE - REVIEW | Díaz, K.E. - Castagnino, A.M. - (Ex, A. - Rosini, M.B. - Favazzo, M.E.

Tags: II range, waste, circular economy, raw material, added value

PDF 879.7 KB (559 downloads)

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis var. Altilis L.), is a globally valued vegetable, marketed mainly as I Gama (fresh); the industrialization processes for obtaining II Gama by-products (dehydrated, canned and creams) are still incipient, which has the particularity of generating a high proportion of discard (30-50%) corresponding to the bases of the stems, which are cut at the time of conditioning, shoots with shape defects and spikes. The supply of asparagus in Argentina is concentrated in the September-December period; Therefore, in the months where the demand is unsatisfied , there is the possibility of extending the supply calendar, through agro-industrial processing (dehydrated, etc.). Although the by-products obtained from this species are numerous, the production of powders and flours is a segment of the agro-industry with incipient studies and applications. In this context, the objective of this study was to prepare a review of the characteristics of the crop, quality requirements, benefits of consumption, market, agroindustry experiences (flours and flavoring powders), market potential of asparagus powder (uses, trends of the market and type of consumers), tending to intensify the use of the raw material (by-products) taking as reference national and international sources of information. These product categories would promote the recovery / conversion of lost / wasted food, from production to consumption, into nutritious and safe food with added value and would represent alternatives to optimize the population's diet, contributing to improve health, food security and environmental sustainability.

Vegetable flour as a strategy for the use and valorization of processed by-products: asparagus case - Part I.

Panorama on the general problem of losses and waste in horticulture, dehydration as a II range agroindustrial alternative, and its benefits – Review

ADVANCES IN HORTICULTURE - REVIEW | Díaz, K.E. - Castagnino, A.M. - (Ex, A. - Rosini, M.B. - Favazzo, M.E.

Tags: II range, waste, circular economy, raw material, added value

PDF 651.1 KB (222 downloads)

In the horticultural agri-food chains, it is a challenge to implement strategies aimed at intensifying the use of raw material and its added value (VA), giving a useful destination to the non-commercial fresh proportion in fresh, which, in the case of some vegetables, like asparagus, it exceeds 50%. In this way it is possible to reinsert the waste into the system, VA, extend the period of use, minimize losses, inserting it within the framework of the circular economy. The agribusiness of the dehydrated II Gama range, such as the manufacture of flour, is a challenge for the fruit and vegetable chains; being necessary to work in research and development generating new products through strategies based on science that supports the recovery and conversion of lost and / or wasted food. In this sense, the objective was to prepare an updated scenario of the agro-industrial potential of the dehydration of asparagus (and other vegetables), as a strategy to intensify the use of raw material (by-products) and the addition of value, to promote a better life quality of life, in the framework of the current global and national socioeconomic health context; taking as reference national and international sources of information. These product categories would represent alternatives to optimize the population's diet and contribute to improving health, impacting food and nutritional security and environmental sustainability. They would allow the recovery / conversion of lost / wasted food, from production to consumption, into nutritious and safe food with added value; through the use of processing technologies.

PDF 636.7 KB (354 downloads)

The production of onion bulbs (Allium cepa) requires a high amount of nitrogen. According to the demand of sustainable agriculture, the development of information and communication technologies, allows to improve the efficiency of nitrogen fertilization. In the south of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, between 8,000 and 10,000 hectares are cultivated per year in the districts of Villarino and Patagones. The aim of this work was to analyze the relationship of biophysical variables: leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content in canopy (CCC) and canopy cover factor (fCOVER) with nitrogen fertilization of intermediate cycle onion crop and its effects on yield. A trial with different doses of granulated urea and granulated urea with urease inhibitor was carried out, where biophysical characteristics were evaluated in the field and in Sentinel-2 satellite images. All variables were correlated and yield was calculated. In the field/satellite data correlation, an R2 of 0.87, 0.96 and 0.79 for leaf area index, coverage factor and chlorophyll content respectively was obtained, showing a good relationship in the three variables. The application of nitrogen in all its sources and doses produced significantly higher yields than the control. The LAI and CCC variables had a positive correlation with the yield in the months of November and December.

PDF 800.1 KB (763 downloads)

The objective of this work was to analyze the state of the art on the theories, concepts and management strategies linked to the problem of organic solid waste (OSW) in fruit and vegetable wholesale markets, with emphasis on the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (MABA). Faced with the increase in waste volumes and the saturation of sanitary landfills in this area, the treatment of organic solid waste gains importance. This fraction, besides being the most abundant, is also the simplest and most economical to deal with. Its use would reduce the negative impact on the environment by an inadequate final disposition and at the same time it would allow to obtain valuable products. Despite this, reuse experiences are practically non-existent and a collection and final disposal scheme is continued. Fruit and vegetable wholesale markets, which concentrate much of MABA's production, are strategic for the implementation of reusing organic waste projects, due to both the volumes handled and the number of productive and commercial units involved. However, these spaces generally operate without accompaniment or regulation by the state and do not have waste management plans or information about the process. The complexity of the problem of OSW management cannot be approached with linear and simplistic proposals. It is necessary to have quality information on the volumes and fractions of waste generated by these spaces, as well as understand the logic and interactions of the human groups participating in these markets. The approach must be multidimensional, multidisciplinary and intersectoral, complementing the “hard” and organizational technologies in order to give an integral response.

PDF 777.2 KB (876 downloads)

The cultivation of strawberries (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is carried out in Coronda and La Costa Areas in the province of Santa Fe (Argentina), where there are also numerous agroindustries dedicated to the processing of the fruit. The object of the following study focuses on analysing the evolution in the cultivation of strawberries in the different production areas, in order to know the aspects that have defined it, as well as its relationship with other local crops. Census information from a survey of strawberry producers in the period 1994-2015 was used. A survey in 2014 recorded 103 producers in Coronda and 38 in the Coast. The introduction of innovative technologies such as varieties, macrotunnels, specific treatments, among other technologies has enabled a significant increase in productivity, from 2,000 kg ha-1 to 60,000 kg ha-1 between 1964 and 2014.

PDF 406.3 KB (770 downloads)

The postharvest disinfection by applying sanitizers by nebulization could be a promising technology to extend the storage period of fresh strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) The objective of this work was to model and optimize the operation of disinfection of fresh strawberries by nebulization with an ecological commercial disinfectant based on peracetic acid (PAA), aiming to reach microbiological reductions and not to alter the general quality, the content of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity of the fruit. The disinfection of fruits of the ‘Camarosa’ variety was studied in a specially designed chamber, varying the concentration (3.4, 20.0, 60.0, 100.0 and 116.6 μL APA 5% per liter of air) and treatment time (5.7, 15.0, 37.5, 60 and 69.3 min). The count reduction of total mesophilic aerobic microorganisms and yeast and molds of nebulized strawberries was greater as PAA concentration and treatment time increased. However, PAA oxidizing properties negatively impacted on anthocyanins and total phenols, vitamin C, antioxidant capacity and color of the fruits, to varying degrees, depending on the spraying conditions. The optimization of fogging operation based on a microbiological reduction target of 2.0 log cycles, maximum retention of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity and no change in color, allowed to determine conditions of optimal treatment: 10.1 uL PAA / L air and 29.6 min. Additional experiments at these conditions validated the methodology. This postharvest disinfection treatment would allow obtaining strawberries with microbiological quality up to 7 days at 2ºC without affecting their sensory quality and bioactive properties.

Mustard, an oleaginous, aromatic and medicinal grain.

Global market analysis and main regional importers.

AROMATICS | Arizio, O.P. - Curioni, A.O.

Tags: customs, trade, import, export, price

PDF 281.1 KB (1615 downloads)

Mustard seeds are used for the production of flour, oil and other products with important uses in the food industry, cosmetics, medicinal and more recently for obtaining biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to quantify and analyze the evolution of global and regional market mustard seeds, setting the main importers, sources of supply and the level of average international prices. The basic statistical information was obtained from the UN Comtrade database, about imports and exports nomenclature-country, such as the Eurostat from European Union, FAS-USDA from The U.S.,  JETRO from Japan and Alice from Brazil .The five-year period averages and the  accumulative annual growth rates were obtained from the linear regression method. The major worldwide and regional importers and exporters were determined, their relative participation, the origins of their supplies and the evolution of average prices. The world imports of mustard seeds have reached record values in recent years, due to the increase in international prices of mustard, coincident with the rising prices of other commodities. The main world importers of the last five years are the United States and Germany; and Canada dominates the export market. Venezuela and Brazil stand out as regional importers in South America, both with mustard seeds from Canada. While developed countries are leading imports of mustard seeds there are a number of countries importing this aromatic and medicinal species from an international producer like Canada. Argentina could make provision for its domestic market and also export to South American countries which have commercial agreements with it. For this reason, this country is an important producer and exporter in the world. 

Response of a garlic crop irrigated with treated urban effluent, biosolids application and liquid fertilization

Allium sativum L., water reuse, pollution, performance, healthcare quality.

HORTICULTURE | Grosso, L. - Salusso, F. - Ramos, D. - Crespi, R. - Pugliese, M.

Tags: Allium sativum L, water reuse, pollution, performance, healthcare quality

PDF 2.2 MB (405 downloads)

Effective treatment of urban wastewater effluent and biosolids are obtained potentially useful as a source of irrigation water and nutrients. A crop white garlic was held in Río Cuarto (Córdoba), drip irrigated using urban effluents and incorporating biosolids as fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. To evaluate performance and healthquality plantation took place in March in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were: Control (C); 25 t·ha-1 biosolids (BIO25); 50 t·ha-1 biosolids (BIO50); 85 kg·ha-1 N and 16 kg·ha-1 S (N85); 170 kg·ha-1 N and 32 kg·ha-1 S (N170). Biosolids containing 91 % moisture. By drip irrigation was applied 426 mm and 234 mm effective rainfall. The effluent contributed 136 kg·ha-1 N and 19 kg·ha-1 P; Biosolids provided BIO50: 54 kg·ha-1 N and 37 kg·ha-1 P and BIO25: 27 kg·ha-1 of N and 18.5 kg·ha-1 of P. Nutrient inputs incorporated in irrigation water and biosolids allowed to reach bulbs yields significantly different at 5 % commercial grade Fisher LSD, these being 19.1 t·ha-1 (N170); 19.0 t·ha-1 (BIO50); 18.7 t·ha-1 (N85); 18.4 t·ha-1 (BIO25) and 17.4 t·ha-1 (T). The bacteriological analysis confirmed the absence of bulbs Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. These technologies increased the garlic crop yield without affecting the health quality.