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The objective of this review is to highlight the potential and feasibility of the cultivation of native species of the sub-Andean Yungas, Physalis peruviana and P. pubescens, in Argentina. Both species produce fruits with similar characteristics, being almost indistinguishable. Some names of the fruit are Physalis, cape gooseberry, capulí, aguaymanto, Cape goosberry or goldenberry. It is an exotic fruit of worldwide growing interest, mainly for its nutraceutical properties and excellent prices in Europe and the US, where it is considered a "speciality" fruit. It grows in environments with thermal ranges from 5 to 35°C, with a base temperature of 6.29°C and an optimal temperature of 21°C, requiring a constant supply of water, with demands in the range of 1000 to 1800 mm of precipitation, well distributed throughout the year. The main pests are Epitrix cucumeris (Coleoptera), Chloridea (Heliothis) subflexa (Lepidoptera) and Liriomyza sp. (Diptera). The most important pathogen is Fusarium oxysporum, followed by Phoma sp., Pythium sp., Cercospora physalidis and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The fruit can be affected by postharvest pathogens such as Botrytis sp., Cladosporium, Pestalotia and Phomopsis. In Tucumán, INTA-Famaillá carried out adaptation tests with both Physalis species, verifying their agronomic viability. Argentina’s northwestern region has developed as an agro-export hub for fresh berries to the northern hemisphere, where the main consumer markets for goldenberry are located, constituting an opportunity. The processing of goldenberry allows the production of stable, sensory-pleasant products, broadening the possibilities of commercialization, and allowing the addition of value (pulp, nectars, juices, jams, dehydrated products, energy bars, sauces, ice cream, etc.).

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The postharvest disinfection by applying sanitizers by nebulization could be a promising technology to extend the storage period of fresh strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) The objective of this work was to model and optimize the operation of disinfection of fresh strawberries by nebulization with an ecological commercial disinfectant based on peracetic acid (PAA), aiming to reach microbiological reductions and not to alter the general quality, the content of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant capacity of the fruit. The disinfection of fruits of the ‘Camarosa’ variety was studied in a specially designed chamber, varying the concentration (3.4, 20.0, 60.0, 100.0 and 116.6 μL APA 5% per liter of air) and treatment time (5.7, 15.0, 37.5, 60 and 69.3 min). The count reduction of total mesophilic aerobic microorganisms and yeast and molds of nebulized strawberries was greater as PAA concentration and treatment time increased. However, PAA oxidizing properties negatively impacted on anthocyanins and total phenols, vitamin C, antioxidant capacity and color of the fruits, to varying degrees, depending on the spraying conditions. The optimization of fogging operation based on a microbiological reduction target of 2.0 log cycles, maximum retention of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity and no change in color, allowed to determine conditions of optimal treatment: 10.1 uL PAA / L air and 29.6 min. Additional experiments at these conditions validated the methodology. This postharvest disinfection treatment would allow obtaining strawberries with microbiological quality up to 7 days at 2ºC without affecting their sensory quality and bioactive properties.

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the micropropagation of blackberry cv. Tupy

FRUTICULTURE | Gomes da Rocha, P.S. - Oliveira, R.P. - Bastos, C.R. - Scivittaro, W.B.

Tags: Light quality, explant, multiplication, rooting

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This work aimed to evaluate the effects of light type on in vitro multiplication and rooting of blackberry (Rubus sp.) cv. Tupy. Blackberry shoots were grown for 30 days on MS medium supplemented by 100 mg·L-1 myo-inositol, 7 g·L-1 agar, 0.8 mg·L-1 BAP an 30 g·L-1 sucrose. The pH was adjusted to 5.8. For rooting it was used MS medium supplemented by 30 g·L-1 sucrose, 100 mg·L-1 myo-inositol, 7 g·L-1 agar and 0.5 mg·L-1 ANA. The treatments used during multiplication and rooting process were five light of types (blue-EDEB 3LA1 470 nm LEDs, green-EDET 3LA1 530 nmLEDs, red-EDER 3LA3 630 nm, Growlux lamps and fluorescent lamps). Experimental design was entirely randomized, with ten replications. The shoot number per explant was higher under the red Led (6.07), Growlux lamps (6.03) and blue Led (5,59), which were higher than those of white fluorescent lamp. The shorter length of shoot was observed under the lamps Growlux. The percentage of rooting was high, the lowest percentage was observed under the green LEDs (93.08 %). The red LEDs showed a trend of higher average in the variables of rooting, but confirmation of superiority over fluorescent lamps occurred in the number of roots.

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Fruit is a nutritious and attractive food, rich in vitamins, minerals and other healthful components. The aim of this study was to determine the physical properties of the fruit and the physicochemical characteristics of the juices fruit of three sweet orange varieties such as Valencia late (VL), Midknight (M) and Valencia seedless (VS), identifying the variables that best contribute to their differentiation. Forty orange fruit from 20 trees randomly selected were divided into four lots of ten fruits each. Fruit weight and diameter were measured in the fruit whereas juice volume, pH, electrical conductivity, soluble solids and acidity were measured in the juice. A completely randomized experimental design with four replicate per variety were used. Fruit weight did not show significant difference between varieties, but fruit diameter was significantly higher in VL (+3.6 mm than M and +7.6 mm in comparison with VS). The volume of the juice also was significantly higher in VL and VS in comparison with M (+35 and +19 % respectively). Juice physicochemical parameters showed no significant differences between varieties with the exception of the acidity; VL showed the highest content of citric acid while VS showed the lowest value (-10 %). Valencia late was the orange variety that showed the best fruit quality at the central area of Santa Fe. The variables fruit diameter, juice volume, and tiritable acidity, allowed the differentiation of the three oranges varieties.