Searcher

Results (113):

(Searched words can be inside PDF files)

Soil disinfection in strawberry production in the southwest of Buenos Aires province

HORTICULTURE | Muscolino, C. - Mairosser, A. - Zazzetta, M.L. - López, F.M. - Caracotche, M.V. - Comezaña, M.M. - Rodríguez, R.A.

Tags: methyl bromide alternatives, Trichoderma harzianum, soil fungi, metam sodium, 1, 3 dichloropropene-chloropicrin

PDF 541.4 KB (21 downloads)

The Valle Bonaerense del Río Colorado (VBRC) has proven to be agroclimatically suitable of strawberry production (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). However, pathogenic soil fungi that affect this crop have been detected in the region, causing reductions in fruit production and plant death. The objective of this work was to evaluate alternative methods to methyl bromide (MB) for soil disinfection in strawberry cultivation and determine their effect on fruit production and plant survival in the VBRC. Three chemical methods were evaluated: the mixture 1,3-dichloropropene+chloropicrin (1,3-D:Pic), metam sodium and the mixture 1,3-D:Pic with subsequent applications of Trichoderma harzianumto the soil. The trial included the cultivars San Andreas and Sweet Ann and lasted two years. The fruit was classified as commercial and non-commercial, the number of dead plants was recorded according to treatments, and weekly monitoring of pests and diseases was carried out. In all treatments with chemical disinfection, plant survival in the second year was higher than soil without disinfection; however, no differences in yield were observed between treatments in either year. Inoculation with T. harzianum did not demonstrate beneficial effects on survival and fruit yield. The chemical methods evaluated, which could replace MB, would be appropriate to achieve greater plant survival in the second year of a biennial strawberry crop in the VBRC.

PDF 679 KB (254 downloads)

Agriculture in arid regions requires physiological and agronomic studies. Phenology was analysed and morphological and productive responses of garlic (cv. Morado INTA) to irrigation strategies were evaluated in an arid region of La Rioja. The trial was carried out in INTA EEA Chilecito in 2022. The design was a randomized complete block design with three replications and three irrigation treatments were applied: T1-100%, T2-120% and T3-75% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during 28 days after the 12th visible leaf of the main growth stage 1(main shoot).The extended garlic phenological scale was used. Leaves, plant height, plant pseudostem and neck, basal disc, diameter, height and bulb weight were measured. Phenology results: 97.8% sprouting at 19 dap (days after planting) and 368 growing degree-days (GDD), main shoot development (12th leaf) at 142 dap and 1823 GDD and the 100% bulb diameter at 212 dap and 3095 GDD. Irrigation results: T3 did not affect height, number of leaves or pseudostem length, but modified the basal leaf with respect to T1 and T2. T3 reduced neck diameter and bulb height without affecting final bulb weight, and consequently increased the bulbification index with respect to T2. The application of controlled deficit irrigation (75% of ETc) during the month of September and the return to full irrigation until bulb harvest are strategies that optimize water use and production in the garlic crop (cv. Morado INTA).

PDF 456.7 KB (114 downloads)

Squash in Argentina is a vegetable of great economic, social and nutritional importance, it is among the vegetables with the highest levels of consumption and it is consumed in every social stratum and at all ages. The objective of the study was to determine the natural growth rate, commercial yield, and quality of commercial fruits for plants that were developed after cover crops and extended fallow periods. The study was conducted in a soil known as Petrocalcic Paleustol, located in the semi-arid region of the rocky plain in southern La Pampa, Argentina. For two consecutive seasons, rye, rye and vicia, and fallow without cover crops were planted as cover treatments in the same plot. Each cover treatment was implemented using two methods: rolling andherbicide growth stoppage.In this way, six management treatments for squash cultivation were performed. The results after two consecutive seasons showed that the plants developed under cover crop treatments prior to cultivation, along with conventional weed control management, presented the highest values of natural growth rate, achieving excellent coverage of the sowing area. The highest commercial yields were obtained with prior rye cover treated with herbicide growth stoppage, and with rolled rye-vicia cover, for the first and second seasons respectively. The shape of the commercial fruits was not affected by any treatment. All crops with prior coverage had a positive effect on small and medium sizes,which are the most preferred fruit sizes by the domestic market.

PDF 743.1 KB (67 downloads)

Spinach is characterized by having a high water content and different vitamins and minerals. However, this vegetable could have high oxalate and nitrate concentrations and can affect human health if consumed.The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen fertilization effect on the yield, nitrate and oxalic acid content of spinach produced in an autumn-winter cycle under different growing systems. Spinach was grown in soil in a greenhouse and in an open field at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agronomy of the University of Buenos Aires. Soil treatments were 0.50 and 100 kg N.ha-1. Another culture was in substrate (perlite) where nitrogen supply restriction was applied 15 days before harvest. Color, leaf area, harvest index, yield, nitrate and oxalic acid levels were determined for each crop at harvest. Leaves were selected and 60 g were packaged in 31 micron polyolefin bags. Bags were stored in a refrigerated chamber at 5 ºC for 9 days. The nitrate and oxalic acid content of spinachwas also determined at the end of the storage period. Yield and leaf area were higher with 100 kg N.ha-1 without differences between greenhouse and open field. Oxalate content was higher in spinach from the open field, showing the highest value in the case of 100 kg N added, without changes at the end of postharvest period. The maximum nitrate content was 2.7 in greenhouse with 100 kg N.ha-1. The nitrogen restriction reduced the commercial yield, oxalic acid and nitrate content at harvest in perlite. The difference was maintained postharvest, except for the nitrate content.

PDF 452.1 KB (119 downloads)

Variation in weather elements affects the production of agricultural crops. Air and soil temperature control plant growth and development, as is the case in garlic (Allium sativum L.). The objective of the study was to evaluate the phenology and productive characteristics of two garlic cultivars according to air and soil temperature during 2022, at the Tilimuqui Experimental Field of INTA EEA Chilecito. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Blocks with three replications. The extended phenological scale of garlic was used. Soil temperature was measured at 5 cm and 15 cm depth and meteorological data recorded by the automatic weather station located at the trial site were used. Height, number of leaves, bulb weight and parameters for calculating the bulbification index were measured. For the same growing conditions, from planting date (both on 11/04/22) they showed different percentages of sprouting, number of leaves and bulb weight. The cv. Morado INTA required a heat summation of 3095 GD and a cycle of 213 days until harvest (09/11/22) and the cv. Nieve INTA required a heat summation of 3397 GD with a cycle of 225 days until harvest (21/11/22). The two cultivars had average photoperiods of 12.2 h in June and 14.5 h in November.

PDF 719.8 KB (112 downloads)

Cassava crop in the northeast of Argentine presents a wide gap between potential and current yields. The aim of the work was to evaluate the behavior of seven cassava cultivars (cv) during the first and second growth cycle of the crop, at 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15 and 18 months after planting (map).The cultivars evaluated were Amarilla Marcelo, Verde Santa Ana, Palomita, Blanca de Santa Catrina, Rocha, Ramada Paso and Yerutí.The plantation was carried out in 2017, in Corrientes, with a 1 m x 1 m frame in complete random blocks with three repetitions per cultivar. In each harvest, the fresh biomass of the aerial part (BFAT) and its partition to stem (BFt) and leaves (BFh), biomass of total roots (BFRT) and commercial roots (BFRc) and starch concentration in roots were measured. The biomass was obtained by fresh weighing (g plant-1) and root starch content (%) by specific gravity method.The statistical analyses showed that the cultivars with the highest root productivity in some sampling instances were Rocha, Amarilla Marcelo, Verde Santa Ana and Ramada Paso, while those with the lowest productivity were Blanca de Santa Catarina, Yerutí and Palomita. The cv Rocha is a first fruit crop , commercial roots can be harvested 6 map and Blanca de Santa Catarina only 9 map is productive. Those that reached the highest starch concentration were Amarilla Marcelo, Palomita and Yerutí. Although the starch concentration decreased by an average of 13,3% in the second growth cycle, the BFRT increased by an average of 65% between both cycles, which was compensated by productivity. The BFh that was recovered on average in May was 385 g plant-1 (9 map) and in June 783 g plant-1 (18 map) depending on cultivars, usable for human or animal feeding.

PDF 621.8 KB (113 downloads)

Eucryphia cordifolia (Ulmo), a woody species, endemic of southern Chilean Andes temperate forests, is present in Argentina between latitudes 38°S and 43°S, below 700 m above sea level. Its flowers contain an aromatic nectar, being a melliferous species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the response to agamic and sexual propagation using different pregerminative treatments. To evaluate the breaking of seed dormancy, a control (T) and 2 pregerminative treatments were carried out: cold-wet stratification for 60 days (EFH60) and soaking in gibberellic acid at a concentration of 250 ppm for 12 hours (AG₃), in a randomized block design trial. For each treatment, the germination power (PG) at tray peal date, survival percentages and growth variables: plant height and number of stems were evaluated. The germination percentages at 60 days (PG60) were 22.60% for (T), 38.90% for (EFH60), and 29.03% for (AG₃). For agamic propagation, suckers were collected and 20 cm long cuttings with 4 knots were prepared. The rooting percentage was 32% after 5 months, flowering in the second year of cultivation. It was concluded that for agamic propagation, the results are encouraging to advance in the definition of better rooting and cultivation conditions. It is also possible to propagate the species sexually, although it is necessary to evaluate other seed treatments to improve germination percentages.

PDF 701.8 KB (105 downloads)

In the production of aromatic-condiment seedlings, it is common to use less renewable substrates, such as peat, "black earth" or "mulch". To verify their replacement with a more sustainable substrate, the use of a bioestabilized residue (RB) based on household waste rich in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) was evaluated as substrate in basilicum (Ocimum basilicum) seedlings. RB was obtained by treating mixtures of household waste from yerba mate, in a 70/30 proportion with remains of fruits and vegetables, in aerated containers that were weekly mixed. After 120 days of the process, the RB was sifted and its physicochemical properties and effects on basil seedlings were evaluated. Five treatments (T) were established with different combinations of MB and a commercial substrate (SC): T1: 100% SC; T2: 75% SC+ 25% RB; T3: 50% SC + 50% RB; T4: 25% SC + 75% RB and T5: 100% RB. Each treatment consisted of 3 repetitions with 24 sample plants each. The germinative power, plant height and root length were significantly reduced in T5. The height of plants and number of leaves were significantly higher in T3 and T4. In all the combinations of components (T2, T3, T4) the highest fresh and dry mass of the aerial part, and the fresh mass of the whole plant were found with respect to T1.The T4 presented the highest dry mass of the aerial part. The RB was suitable as a substrate component in basil plantations.

PDF 568.2 KB (317 downloads)

Potato is naturally propagated by tubers, which go into a dormant state after harvesting. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of three doses of gibberellic acid (AG3) (10, 20 and 30 ppm) and three immersion times (5, 10 and 15 min) on sprouting of fresh potato tubers of the Spunta cultivar, under laboratory and field emergency conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with a factorial arrangement plus absolute control (3 x 3 + 1) and three replications. In the laboratory, the following were evaluated: sprouting percentage, number, length and diameter of sprouts per tuber. In the field, the percentage of emergence and the number of stems per tuberswere evaluated. The collected data were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results indicate that there was no interaction between the factors under study. In the laboratory, 43 days after the application of the treatments, with a dose of 30 ppm of AG3, 100% sprouting of the tubers was obtained and with 10 minutes of immersion, 93.89% sprouting. In the field experiment, with a dose of 30 ppm of AG3, the highest percentage of emergence and number of stems per tubers were obtained, while soaking the tubers for 15 minutes promoted the highest number of stems per plant.

PDF 1.2 MB (346 downloads)

Dill is used as a condiment in food and has medicinal properties. The objective of this work was to determine the optimum sowing date for growing dill in greenhouses for fresh cutting in San Pedro. The crop was established in an unheated greenhouse, located at the EEA San Pedro, INTA. Three sowing dates were carried out using two container sizes of 54 cm3 and 25 cm3 on days 2nd (T1 and T2) and 30th (T3 and T4) of March and 24th(T5 and T6) of April. Transplanting was carried out at a distance of 15 cm between rows and 20 cm between taps. At harvest, height and number of leaves per plant, number of plants per square meter and fresh weight were measured. Quality was determined based on a subjective scale from one to five, indicating lower to higher quality, respectively. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α=0.05) were performed. The highest plant height, number of leaves per plant, plants per square meter and fresh yield was achieved by T 5 (51.75 cm), T2 and T4 (8.48 leaves), T2 (58 plants) and T1 and T2 (4.37 and 4.12 kilograms per square meter), respectively. The optimum planting date was March 2nd with no differences between container sizes. With the management carried out, there were no limiting diseases for the crop.