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Tomato crop is one of the most important vegetables because of its high demand. During the crop cycle it can be attacked by different pathogens, so the use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an option for the protection of plants against pathogens. PGPR can be set endophytically inside the plant and trigger various defense mechanisms. One such mechanism is the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides. The aim of this research was to evaluate the protection of Solanum lycopersicum var. Río Grande previously inoculated with PGPR against infection with the necrotrophic pathogen, Sclerotium rolfsii. The percentage of mortality and peptides: defensin and snaking expression were evaluated. Combined experiments with Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and Azospirillum brasilense inoculation and subsequent confrontation with S. rolfsii were performed. In plants treated with P. pseudoalcaligenes, mortality percentage was 40% lower than in control plants. Plants treated with A. brasilense were 20% lower. The expression of defensin and snakin messengers was higher in both cases for plants inoculated with PGPR. Based on these results, the use of PGPR is proposed as a biological alternative against S. rolfsii and could be evaluated for other soil pathogens.  

Evaluation of yield and health parameters of two commercial tomato hybrids (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grafted on Solanun sisymbriifolium (Lam.), in a greenhouse with biosolarizated soil

HORTICULTURE | Mitidieri, M.S. - Piris, E. - Brambilla, V. - Barbieri, M. - Cap, G. - González, J.D. - Del Pardo, K. - Ciapone, M. - Celié, R. - Arpía, E. - Paunero, I.E. - Peralta, R. - Verón, R. - Sanchez, F.

Tags: Rootstock, biosolarization, Nacobbus aberrans, Fusarium spp

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The use of plants grafted on resistant rootstocks can help to reduce losses caused by biotic and abiotic factors. This experience evaluated the performance of Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (popularly named “tutiá”) as a rootstock in combination with two commercial tomato hybrids. Genetic materials evaluated were Elpida and Superman, grafted on “tutiá” (ELPg, SUPg) and the same materials without grafting (ELP, SUP). Plants were transplanted (august/2012) in a greenhouse into biosolarizated plots (treated November/2011) and into control plots without soil disinfection. A split splot experimental design with four replicates in blocks was used. ELP y SUP showed higher yields (kg·plant-1) (30.6 % higher general mean), than ELPg y SUPg. In control plots, grafted plants had better performance with means of ELPg = 4.53 ± 1.27, SUPg = 4.19 ± 1.49, SUP = 2.49 ± 0.28 and ELP = 1.89 ± 0.68. Grafted plants also showed less blossom end rot percentage (P < 0.01) and dead plants (DP) at the end of the crop cycle (P < 0.01) than no grafted plants, means for DP were SUPg = 18.80 ± 12.40, ELPg = 23.44 ± 7.55, SUP = 43.19 ± 9.64 and ELP = 46.00 ± 9.12. Roots of grafted plants had higher total dry matter weight (P < 0.05) and lower rots percentages (P < 0.01) caused by Fusarium spp., although gall number caused by Nacobbus aberrans did not differ. The use of Solanum sisymbriifolium as rootstock could be considered a tool for integrated tomato pest management.

Effect of different biofumigation treatment sequences on physicochemical and biological soil parameters', yield and saltry tomato and lettuce crop under cover

HORTICULTURE | Mitidieri, M. - Brambilla, V. - Saliva, V. - Piris, E. - Piris, M. - Celié, R. - Pereyra, C. - Del Prado, K. - Chaves, E. - González, J.D.

Tags: Nematodes, brassicae, soil borne diseases, Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium spp

PDF 1.2 MB (1082 downloads)

In the last years, researchers from different countries have made efforts to develop environmentally responsible soil disinfection techniques. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different sequences of soil solarization and/or biofumigation (BIO). The treatments evaluated were the combination of two disinfections performed on spring 2003 and 2005. The sequences evaluated were: 1. Control/Control, 2. Solarization/Solarization, 3. BIO with Chicken manure/BIO with Brocoli, 4. BIO with Brassica napus/BIO with Brocoli. Nematode control was observed at the first 10 cm of soil, inmediately after BIO treatments, performed at november 2005, differences (P ≤ 5 %) between treatments and control were observed for Nacobbus aberrans until february 2007. Percentage of Sclerotium rolfsii colonies obtained from sclerotia was always higher at control plots, but at 35 cm the treatment effect was lower. Fusarium solani was obtained only at control plots at 10 cm but in all treatments at 35 cm. In november 2006 a tomato crop was planted. The number of dead plants at the end of the cycle was significantly higher at control plots. Significant differences (P ≤ 1 %) between treatments were obtained for total yield, yield losses, and losses percentage due to small fruits and blossom end rot. Control plots showed lower yields and higher commercial yield losses. After harvest significant differences were observed for gall number and percentage of root rots caused by Pyrenochaeta lycopersici and Fusarium solani.

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Elephant garlic production in Mendoza province (Argentina) is few, but can supply some international commerce. This vegetable, from the Alliaceae family, form a composed bulb with six or less cloves and an additional number of small peduncled bulbils next to the bulb. It develops a floral stem with a top umbel that many times can produce true seeds. Commercial crops commonly start with cloves planting, while it could also be multiplied from true seeds or the small peduncled bulbs as well. Formal agronomic knowledge on this crop is still small. In INTA's Experimental Station La Consulta (Estación Experimental La Consulta INTA) some trials where made in order to obtain local information. This work brings some knowledge about elephant garlic cultivation and gives a production proposal, adjusted to the Mendoza province conditions.